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全文字数：1476字
阅读时间：15分钟
上期翻译答案
The combination of rising prices and a rising currencythreatensto move American prices out of whack with those elsewhere in the world.
物价上涨和货币升值共同作用，有可能让美国的物价与世界其他地方背离。
1. out of whack: f a system, machine etc is out of whack, the parts are not working together correctly
《本期内容》
双语阅读
Some fish can recognize their own faces in photos and mirrors, an ability usually attributed to humans and other animals considered particularly brainy, such as chimpanzees, scientists report. Finding the ability in fish suggests that self-awareness may be far more widespread among animals than scientists once thought.
科学家报告称，一些鱼可以认出照片和镜子中的自己，人们通常认为人类或其他特别聪明的动物例如大猩猩等才具备这种能力。在鱼类身上发现这种能力表明自我意识在动物中存在的范围可能远比科学家曾经认为的要广。
Kohda’s previous research showed that bluestreak cleaner wrasses can pass the mirror test, a controversial cognitive assessment thatpurportedlyreveals self-awareness, or the ability to be the object of one’s own thoughts. The test involves exposing an animal to a mirror and thensurreptitiouslyputting a mark on the animal’s face or body to see if they will notice it on their reflection and try to touch it on their body. Previously only a handful of large-brained species, including chimpanzees and other great apes, dolphins, elephants andmagpies, have passed the test.
科达此前的研究表明，蓝纹清洁濑鱼可以通过镜面测试，这是一种尚存争议的认知评估，据称可以显示自我意识，或成为自己思想对象的能力。这项测试的内容是把一只动物放在镜子前，然后偷偷地在动物的脸上或身体上做一个标记，看它们是否会注意到自己的镜像，是否试图触碰身体上的标记。此前，只有少数高智能物种通过了测试，包括黑猩猩和其他类人猿、海豚、大象和喜鹊。
In a new study, cleaner fish that passed the mirror test were then able to distinguish their own faces from those of other cleaner fish in still photographs. This suggests that the fish identify themselves the same way humans are thought to — by forming a mental image of one’s face, Kohda and colleagues report February 6 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
在一项新的研究中，通过镜子测试的清洁鱼能够在静态照片中区分自己的脸和其他清洁鱼的脸。科达和他的同事2月6日发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的报告称，这表明这种鱼可以形成自己的面部画面，通过这种方式识别自己，就像人们认为人类所运用的方式一样。
De Waal is quick to point out that failing the mirror test should not be considered evidence of a lack of self-awareness. Still, scientists have struggled to understand why some species that are known to have complex cognitive abilities, such as monkeys andravens, have not passed. Researchers have also questioned whether the test is appropriate for species like dogs that rely more on scent, or like pigs that may not care enough about a mark on their bodies to try to touch it.
德瓦尔很快指出，不应该把没有通过镜子测试认为是缺乏自我认知能力的证据。尽管如此，科学家们仍在努力理解为什么一些已知具有复杂认知能力的物种，如猴子和乌鸦，没有通过测试。研究人员还提出了质疑，这种测试是否适用于更依赖气味的狗，或者可能对身体上的标记不太在意、不会尝试触摸的猪等物种。
Animals that recognize their reflection in the mirror most likely first learn to identify themselves by seeing that the movement of the animal in the mirror matches their own movement, researchers think. Because the cleaner fish were also able to recognize their own faces instill images, they, and possibly other animals that have passed the mirror test, may be able to identify themselves by developing a mental image of their own face that they can compare to what they see in the mirror or photos, the authors say.
研究员认为，能通过镜子反射认出自己的动物很可能首先通过看到镜子中与自己运动相符合的动物的动作，来学会认出自己。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
本文节选自：Science News（科学新闻）
发布时间：2023.02.07
作者：Betsy Mason
原文标题：Fish can recognize themselves in photos, further evidence they may be self-aware
词汇积累
1. purportedly
/pəˈpɔːtɪdlɪ/
adv.据称，据称地
2.surreptitiously
/ˌsʌrəp’tiʃəsli/
adv.偷偷地；秘密地；不正当地
3. magpie
/ˈmæɡˌpaɪ/
n.鹊，喜鹊；饶舌的人；有收集零碎东西癖好的人
adj.鹊的；有收集癖的；斑驳的，混杂的
4.raven
/ˈreɪvən/
n.掠夺，劫掠；大乌鸦
vt.掠夺；狼吞虎咽
adj.乌黑的
词组搭配
1.still image 静态图像
写作句总结
Finding the ability in fish suggests that self-awareness may be far more widespread among animals than scientists once thought.
结构：… suggests that self-awareness may be far more widespread among animals than scientists once thought.
…表明自我意识在动物中存在的范围可能远比科学家曾经认为的要广。
例句：New experimental data suggests that self-awareness may be far more widespread among animals than scientists once thought.
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外刊君为同学们汇总了《经济学人》，戳码回复“J88”，下载pdf源文件。
（戳码回复“J88”）
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